Characteristics and Common Types of Steel Plate

Steel plate is a flat steel material that is poured with molten steel and pressed after cooling. It is flat and rectangular, and can be directly rolled into wide steel strips and cut.

Classification

According to thickness, it is divided into: thin steel plate <4 mm (thinnest 0.2 mm), medium-thick steel plate 4-60 mm, extra-thick steel plate 60-115 mm;

According to rolling, it is divided into: hot rolling and cold rolling;

According to the steel type, it is divided into: ordinary steel, high-quality steel, alloy steel, spring steel, stainless steel, tool steel, heat-resistant steel, bearing steel, silicon steel and industrial pure iron sheet, etc;

According to professional uses, it is divided into: bridge steel plates, boiler steel plates, automobile manufacturing steel plates, pressure vessel steel plates, etc;

According to the surface coating, it is divided into: galvanized sheet, tin-plated sheet, lead-plated sheet, plastic composite steel plate, etc.

Types and characteristics of steel plates

1. Low alloy steel plate

Low alloy steel plate is a general term that refers to steel plates with an alloy content of less than 5%.

Low alloy steel is relative to carbon steel. On the basis of carbon steel, one or several alloying elements are intentionally added to the steel in order to improve one or several properties of the steel. When the amount of alloy added exceeds the normal content of carbon steel produced by normal production methods, the steel is called alloy steel. When the total alloy content is less than 5%, it is called low alloy steel. The alloy content between 5-10% is called medium alloy steel; the alloy content greater than 10% is called high alloy steel.

Classification

Divided according to composition: low alloy, medium alloy and high alloy steel plates;

According to the processing method, it is divided into: hot rolled steel plate, cold rolled steel plate;

According to thickness, it is divided into: thin plate (thickness not more than 3 mm), medium-thick plate (thickness 4-60 mm) and extra-thick plate (thickness greater than 60 mm);

According to manufacturing standards, they are divided into: national standard, American standard, etc.

Features

Its advantages are higher strength, better performance, saving a lot of steel, reducing structural weight, etc.

Application

Mainly used to manufacture bridges, ships, vehicles, boilers, high-pressure vessels, oil and gas pipelines, large steel structures, etc.

2. Galvanized steel plate

Galvanized steel plate is a welded steel plate with a hot-dip or electroplated zinc layer on the surface.

Classification

According to rolling, it is divided into: >3.0 mm hot rolling and <3.0 mm cold rolling;

According to thickness, it is divided into: thin steel plate, medium-thick steel plate and extra-thick steel plate;

According to the steel type, it is divided into: general commercial coil (CQ), structural galvanized sheet (HSLA), stamped galvanized sheet (DQ), deep drawing hot-dip galvanized sheet (DDQ), bake hardened hot-dip galvanized sheet (BH), Dual phase steel (DP), TRIP steel (transformation induced plasticity steel);

According to manufacturing standards, they are divided into: national standard, American standard, etc.

Features

Main characteristics: corrosion resistance; paintability; formability; spot weldability.

Application

Hot-dip galvanized steel sheets are widely used in construction, home appliances, vehicles and ships, container manufacturing, mechanical and electrical industries, etc.

3. Pattern steel plate

Patterned steel plate is a steel plate with rhombus or rhombus on its surface. Patterned steel plates have anti-slip properties due to the protruding edges on their surface, and can be used as floors, factory escalators, work frame pedals, ship decks, car floors, etc. The specifications of pattern steel plates are expressed in terms of basic thickness (thickness of protruding edges is not included), and there are 10 specifications of 2.5, 3.0, 3.5, 4.0, 4.5, 5.0, 5.5, 6.0, 7.0, 8.0mm.

Classification

Divided by material: stainless steel, duplex steel, carbon steel, low alloy steel, alloy steel, etc;

According to the pattern shape, it is divided into: diamond pattern, lentil pattern, round bean pattern, etc.

Features

Patterned plates have many advantages such as beautiful appearance, anti-slip, enhanced performance, and saving of steel.

Application

It is widely used in transportation, construction, decoration, flooring around equipment, machinery, shipbuilding and other fields.

4. Hot rolled stainless steel plate

Hot rolled stainless steel plate is a stainless steel plate produced by hot rolling process. Those with a thickness of no more than 3 mm are thin plates, and those with a thickness greater than 3 mm are thick plates. Used in chemical, petroleum, machinery, shipbuilding and other industries to manufacture corrosion-resistant parts, containers and equipment.

Classification

Divided according to thickness: thin plate, thick plate

According to the organizational characteristics, it is divided into: austenite, austenite-ferrite, ferrite, martensite, and precipitation hardening.

According to manufacturing standards, they are divided into: national standard, American standard, German standard, Japanese standard, Russian standard, etc.

Features

It can destroy the casting structure of the steel ingot, refine the grains of the steel, and eliminate defects in the microstructure, thereby making the steel structure dense and improving the mechanical properties.

Application

Mainly used in the production of steel structures, bridges, ships, building structures, various mechanical parts, and vehicles.

5. Cold rolled stainless steel plate

Cold-rolled stainless steel plates are made from hot-rolled coils as raw materials and are rolled at room temperature and below the recrystallization temperature. Cold-rolled steel plates are steel plates produced through the cold rolling process, referred to as cold plates. The thickness of cold-rolled steel plates produced by most factories is less than 4.5mm. The thickness and width of cold-rolled plates are determined according to the equipment capabilities of each factory and market demand.

Classification

According to thickness, it is divided into: thin plate and thick plate.

According to the organizational characteristics, it is divided into: austenite, austenite-ferrite, ferrite, martensite, and precipitation hardening.

According to manufacturing standards, they are divided into: national standard, American standard, German standard, Japanese standard, Russian standard, etc.

Features

Corrosion resistance; at the same time, the cold work hardening caused by continuous cold deformation increases the strength and hardness of hard rolled coils and decreases the toughness and plasticity index.

Application

Used to make corrosion-resistant parts, pipelines, containers, medical equipment, ship equipment, etc. in petroleum and chemical industries.

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